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Flow, chemical and isotopic composition of water in unsaturated zone of the castellated sandstone at Klokočské skály area
Mikuš, Petr ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiráková, Hana (referee)
The study is focused on character of flow, permeability, mean residence of water, chemical composition of water and chemical fluxes in unsaturated zone of castellated sandstone at Klokočské Skály area. Soil water as well as the water seeping from up to 15 m thick sandstone unsaturated zone consists of mixture of: A) Component with mean residence time 2-4 months (50-75% of mixture) and B) Component with mean residence time exceeding 4 years (25-50% of mixture). In winter the component A is missing in K3 drip place probably because of freezing conditions, which prevent infiltration of the fast component. Sulfates are the most abundant anion in studied waters with chemical flux in sandstone unsaturated zone (SUZ) 7-10 g/m2/year, which exceeds several times the influx from total (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition (1.2 g/m2/year). On the other hand nitrates flux is decreasing with depth (atmospheric deposition 1.7 g/m2/year; flux in SUZ 0.2-0.4 g/m2/year). Aluminum is the most abundant cation in SUZ (average concentration 6.3 mg/l, max. 35 mg/l). Flux of aluminum in SUZ is 2.5 g/m2/year, which is 80 times more that atmospheric deposition. Surprisingly the forest vegetation does not seem to suffer any directly visible damage. Silica is another substance which is intensively leached from SUZ. The most prominent...
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The Character of structural bond of loess
Fikar, Lukáš ; Rott, Josef (advisor) ; Herle, Vítězslav (referee)
5 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with nature of loess's structural bonds. Research part of the thesis aims to clarify types of bonding forces that interact between particles and what effect these forces have on overall strength of the loess. Next equally important objective was to resolve(clarify) what causes weakening of these bonding forces leading to reduction in soil volume, which may result in complete collapse of its entire structure. As part of the research, loess samples undergone significant amount of laboratory analyzes in order to expand knowledge about its grain size and mineral composition to achieve better understanding regarding behavioral mechanisms working inside the studied soil. Peak practical part experiment was performed as an analysis on loess samples during air pressure conditions and vacuum to determine which of the coupling forces have the most significant effect on the final strength of loess's structure. Keywords: loess, structural bonds, collapsible soils
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Flow, chemical and isotopic composition of water in unsaturated zone of the castellated sandstone at Klokočské skály area
Mikuš, Petr ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiráková, Hana (referee)
The study is focused on character of flow, permeability, mean residence of water, chemical composition of water and chemical fluxes in unsaturated zone of castellated sandstone at Klokočské Skály area. Soil water as well as the water seeping from up to 15 m thick sandstone unsaturated zone consists of mixture of: A) Component with mean residence time 2-4 months (50-75% of mixture) and B) Component with mean residence time exceeding 4 years (25-50% of mixture). In winter the component A is missing in K3 drip place probably because of freezing conditions, which prevent infiltration of the fast component. Sulfates are the most abundant anion in studied waters with chemical flux in sandstone unsaturated zone (SUZ) 7-10 g/m2/year, which exceeds several times the influx from total (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition (1.2 g/m2/year). On the other hand nitrates flux is decreasing with depth (atmospheric deposition 1.7 g/m2/year; flux in SUZ 0.2-0.4 g/m2/year). Aluminum is the most abundant cation in SUZ (average concentration 6.3 mg/l, max. 35 mg/l). Flux of aluminum in SUZ is 2.5 g/m2/year, which is 80 times more that atmospheric deposition. Surprisingly the forest vegetation does not seem to suffer any directly visible damage. Silica is another substance which is intensively leached from SUZ. The most prominent...
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Coupled transport processes
Jeřábek, Jakub ; Kuráž, Michal (advisor) ; Lukáš, Lukáš (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to implement a new module to the DRUtES model code, which allows to calculate coupled transport of moisture, temperature and miscible substance in a variably saturated porous media. The main part of the practical phase of the thesis was to implement appropriate constitutive relationships describing a coupled transport to the Galerkin finite elements scheme previously implemented in the DRUtES model. Besides this, a corresponding configuration files were made to assign parameters of the model into program data structures as well as a little bit of other programming work elsewhere in the code. Numerical solution of each transport equation was compared with its analytical solution. 1D moisture transport with the Philips semi-analytic solution of diffusive form of Richards equation. 2D temperature and miscible substance transport with an analytical solution of advection-dispersion equation. This comparisons suggested that the implementation was correct. The coupling of these processes was compared with a reference numerical solution. In this case was the fitness of results assessed in more qualitative manner with a literature. Before use of this coupled model to solve a real world problem, I would recommend to make a similar assessment with the real data.
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